Take Note Minnesota Farmers: Updated Groundwater Protection Map Released

If you’re a farmer relying on irrigation in Minnesota, take note—important updates have been made to the Groundwater Protection Rule and its associated map. These updates are critical for planning your nitrogen fertilizer applications and ensuring compliance with state regulations.

What’s Changed?
The Minnesota Department of Agriculture (MDA) has updated the Fall Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Restrictions Map, which helps farmers identify areas where fall nitrogen applications are restricted to protect groundwater from nitrate contamination.

  • Ellsworth DWSMA Removed: The Ellsworth municipal Drinking Water Supply Management Area (DWSMA) is no longer on the map due to a change in the community’s water source.
  • New Additions: While no new municipal DWSMAs were found to have elevated nitrate levels, two non-municipal wells in Scott County (Brookhaven Development and Mobile Manor) have been identified with elevated nitrate levels. These areas will now fall under Mitigation Level 2.

Under Mitigation Level 2, a local advisory group will work with farmers in these areas to recommend practices that reduce nitrate contamination in groundwater. The restrictions on fall nitrogen fertilizer applications for these newly affected areas will begin September 1, 2025.

Why It Matters
The Groundwater Protection Rule is designed to protect drinking water by limiting nitrate contamination, especially in vulnerable areas. For farmers, understanding these restrictions is essential for compliance and for maintaining sustainable farming practices.

Check the Map and Plan Ahead
Before the fall 2025 planting season, review the updated map to see if your fields fall within these restricted zones. Early planning can help you adapt your fertilizer application strategies without disrupting your operations.


You can view the map by clicking the link: New Fall Fertilizer Restrictions Map 2025.

Find More Information
Visit the MDA website for more information on the Groundwater Protection Rule.

Protecting our groundwater is a shared responsibility. By staying informed and proactive, Minnesota farmers can continue to lead the way in sustainable agriculture while safeguarding this vital resource for future generations.

Understanding the Central Sands Private Well Network

The Minnesota Department of Agriculture (MDA) established the Central Sands Private Well Network in 2011 to address concerns about elevated nitrate levels in private drinking water wells across the region. This initiative plays a vital role in protecting drinking water quality and informing well owners about nitrate trends in their area. A key success of the project has been the observed downward trend in nitrate levels.

Project Overview

The Central Sands Private Well Network includes all counties in the region, with a focus on monitoring nitrate levels in private wells:

  • Phase 1 Goal: Determine current nitrate concentrations in private wells throughout the Central Sands region.
  • Phase 2 Goal: Identify areas of concern and develop a long-term nitrate trend monitoring network.

Key Highlights

  • Monitoring Network:
    A total of 1,555 private wells have been analyzed for nitrate levels.
    • A subset of 555 wells is being used to establish a long-term monitoring network.
    • The network spans 14 counties, including Becker, Benton, Cass, Crow Wing, Douglas, Hubbard, Kandiyohi, Morrison, Otter Tail, Pope, Sherburne, Stearns, Todd, and Wadena.
  • Private Well Monitoring Process:
    Participants completed a survey about their wells, detailing construction type, depth, and age.
    Each participant received a certified lab kit to collect water samples for analysis.

Results

Nitrate levels across the Central Sands region revealed significant variability:

  • 88.6% of wells had nitrate concentrations below 3 mg/L.
  • 6.8% ranged from 3–10 mg/L.
  • 4.6% exceeded the drinking water standard of 10 mg/L.

Key Findings:

  • Morrison County had the highest percentage of wells (10.5%) with nitrate levels over 10 mg/L.
  • Benton and Wadena Counties reported around 8% of wells exceeding the standard.
  • Cass, Crow Wing, and Douglas Counties reported no wells over 10 mg/L.
  • Shallow wells (0–50 ft) accounted for 46% of wells exceeding 10 mg/L.
  • Older wells (50+ years) showed a higher proportion of elevated nitrate levels.

Access Reports

The results and trend analyses from the Central Sands Private Well Network are accessible through the Minnesota Digital Water Research Library.

Recent Reports:


Impact and Future Goals

The Central Sands Private Well Network provides critical insights into nitrate trends, helping to protect drinking water quality. By establishing a long-term monitoring framework, this project will continue to educate and empower private well owners across Minnesota.

For more details, check out the full 2011 Summary Report (PDF) and explore the latest updates in nitrate monitoring.

Exploring the Straight River Nutrient Study: Central Minnesota Irrigators’ Perspectives and Recommendations

The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency’s (MPCA) July 2024 Straight River Nutrient Study has sparked critical feedback from the Central Minnesota Irrigators (CMI). CMI has raised several concerns regarding the study’s findings, methodologies, and conclusions, advocating for a more nuanced and inclusive examination of nutrient sources in the Straight River watershed.

Explore the Full Response and Study
Click the link below to read the Central Minnesota Irrigators’ detailed letter to the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and access the comprehensive study conducted by the organization.


Key Concerns Raised by CMI

1. Inclusion of Unrelated References

The study cites newspaper articles and magazine features, some over two decades old, as sources. CMI critiques this approach as inconsistent with the expectations for a scientific report, arguing that such references lack relevance and add no value to the analysis.

2. Misrepresentation of Nitrate Trends

The study attributes increased nitrate levels in the Straight River to intensified row crop agriculture. CMI disputes this conclusion, offering a different interpretation:

  • Stabilization of Nitrate Levels: CMI highlights that nitrate concentrations have stabilized since 2015, aligning with the adoption of University of Minnesota (UMN) Best Management Practices (BMPs) by local farmers.
  • Impact of Septic Systems: The organization suggests that nitrate leaching from nearby domestic septic systems has been overlooked and could significantly contribute to the river’s nitrate levels.

3. Biased Assessment of Agricultural Efforts

The MPCA’s statement that agricultural BMPs have not shown success in reducing nitrate loss was described by CMI as both biased and misleading. CMI points to data from studies at UMN’s Becker Farms and Central Lakes College, which demonstrate the efficacy of these BMPs in reducing nitrate leaching.

4. Omission of Riparian and Wetland Contributions

CMI notes that the study neglects potential nitrate contributions from riparian forests and wetlands adjacent to the river. Research cited by CMI suggests that these natural features can be sources of nitrate through processes like microbial nitrification and atmospheric nitrogen deposition.

5. Insufficient Consideration of Legacy and Non-Agricultural Sources

CMI identifies various overlooked nitrate sources, including:

  • Legacy nitrate from past agricultural practices.
  • Nitrate leaching from domestic septic systems and lawn fertilizers.
  • Contributions from riparian and wetland ecosystems, municipal wastewater, and wildlife.

6. Comparative Analysis Limitations

The study compares nitrate levels in the Straight River to other regional streams without accounting for critical differences in hydrology, groundwater contributions, and surrounding land use. CMI emphasizes that the Straight River’s unique characteristics—such as a 93-97% groundwater baseflow—require distinct consideration.


CMI’s Recommendations for Future Revisions

CMI advocates for a more comprehensive and balanced approach to evaluating nitrate sources in the Straight River watershed, proposing that the MPCA:

  1. Expand Source Analysis: Quantify the contribution of all potential nitrate sources, including septic systems, riparian forests, wetlands, and legacy nitrate.
  2. Acknowledge Agricultural BMP Success: Revise findings to reflect the stabilization of nitrate levels since the implementation of BMPs.
  3. Update Data Comparisons: Use more robust and contextually relevant datasets when comparing nitrate concentrations across watersheds.
  4. Reassess Groundwater Input: Incorporate findings from recent groundwater management studies indicating the resilience of summer streamflow in the region.

A Call for Collaborative Solutions

CMI underscores the importance of accurate, science-based assessments to guide policy and agricultural practices. By incorporating their recommended revisions, the MPCA can foster a more balanced dialogue that recognizes the shared responsibility of all sectors—agriculture, residential development, and natural ecosystems—in protecting water quality.

CMI’s detailed response to the MPCA report not only highlights areas for improvement but also demonstrates the proactive measures already undertaken by farmers to reduce nitrate leaching. As technology and research continue to advance, the collaborative efforts of stakeholders will be essential in ensuring the sustainability of the Straight River watershed for future generations.!!

Minnesota Releases Report on Clean Water Performance

Minnesota has published a comprehensive report detailing the outcomes of its Clean Water Fund initiatives aimed at safeguarding and restoring water sources across the state. The report, released biennially, highlights the collaborative efforts of seven Minnesota water agencies in executing Clean Water Fund activities, established by Minnesota voters in 2008 through the Clean Water Land and Legacy Amendment.

Key findings from the report indicate positive trends and local progress in water quality improvement, despite persistent statewide challenges. Notable achievements include substantial reductions in phosphorus and sediment levels in lakes, rivers, and streams, alongside targeted investments addressing escalating nitrate and chloride levels in specific regions.

Over the period of 2010 to 2023, the Clean Water Fund has facilitated upgrades to 52 municipal wastewater treatment facilities, resulting in a significant 48% reduction in phosphorus discharges. The initiative has engaged over 84,000 visitors through the We Are Water MN exhibits, fostering community partnerships and raising awareness of water-related issues.

The report underscores the importance of ongoing support for initiatives like the Minnesota Agricultural Water Quality Certification Program, which has certified nearly 1,000,000 acres of farmland across 1,400 farms. By providing supplemental funds for water quality improvements over 25 years, the Clean Water Fund enables sustained efforts towards achieving desired outcomes without interruption.

Local success stories featured in the report highlight the restoration of fish habitats and improved agricultural practices, emphasizing the crucial role of voluntary actions and long-term watershed plans in driving water quality improvements statewide.

The Clean Water Fund, fueled by 33% of sales tax revenue from the Clean Water Land and Legacy Amendment, continues to be a cornerstone of Minnesota’s commitment to preserving and enhancing its water resources. As the Amendment approaches its expiration in 2034, the report underscores the ongoing need for sustained investment in clean water initiatives to ensure the continued health and vitality of Minnesota’s waters.

Click to access the 2024 Clean Water Fund Report.

Unlocking Precision in Agriculture: Discover the Minnesota Irrigator Program (MIP)

Upcoming MIP Course

Mark your calendars for the next MIP course, scheduled for March 6, 13, and 20. Central Lakes College in Staples, Minnesota, will serve as the backdrop for this immersive three-day program.

Empowering Irrigators for Sustainable Water Management

Are you an irrigator seeking to align your irrigation practices with crop water use? Are thoughts of improving water use efficiency and reducing costs lingering in your mind? Look no further – the University of Minnesota Extension presents the Minnesota Irrigator Program (MIP), a comprehensive initiative tailored just for you.

Guiding Irrigators Towards Informed Decisions

Irrigation is a vital aspect of modern agriculture, and the MIP aims to address the concerns of irrigators by providing practical solutions and cutting-edge insights. Our mission is to equip irrigators and irrigation professionals with up-to-date information on the latest irrigation management science and methods, allowing them to tailor solutions for their unique operations.


Key Program Highlights

Continuing Education Credits (CEUs) for Certified Crop Advisors

Certified crop advisors attending the MIP program will have the opportunity to earn Continuing Education Credits. This not only enhances your knowledge but also ensures you stay ahead in the ever-evolving field of agriculture.

The MIP programming covers a spectrum of topics crucial for effective irrigation management:

  1. Discussion of Irrigation Systems: Gain insights into various irrigation systems, enabling you to make informed choices that align with your specific agricultural needs.
  2. Utilizing Soil Moisture Sensors: Learn the intricacies of using soil moisture sensors on your farm, a key element in achieving precision in irrigation practices and optimizing soil conditions.
  3. Irrigation Scheduling: Understand the importance of proper irrigation scheduling and discover strategies to enhance water use efficiency while meeting crop water requirements.
  4. Special Topics: Dive into advanced subjects like variable rate irrigation and remote sensing, ensuring you stay at the forefront of technological advancements.

Your Path to Precision Irrigation Starts Here!

Embark on a journey towards precision in agriculture with the Minnesota Irrigator Program. Join us in enhancing your irrigation practices, reducing water costs, and making sustainable choices for the future. Be a part of the 2024 MIP course – your gateway to informed and effective irrigation management.

For more information and to secure your spot, register for the 2024 MIP course. Elevate your irrigation game with the University of Minnesota Extension!

Nurturing Agricultural Insight: Hancock High School’s Grant-Fueled Initiative

Last autumn, Hancock High School embarked on a transformative journey, courtesy of a generous $750 grant from Central Minnesota Irrigators. This grant wasn’t just a financial boost; it was a gateway to a hands-on exploration of agriculture for our students. In this article, we invite you to delve into how these funds sprouted into a vibrant educational experience, fostering a deeper connection to the world of agriculture.

The purpose of the Central Minnesota Irrigators grant was clear—to expose students to the diverse aspects of agriculture. With a mission to cultivate knowledge and curiosity, the school set out to create an immersive learning environment that would leave a lasting impact.

Eager to share the impact of the grant, Hancock High School has prepared an exclusive video showcasing the various initiatives funded by the Central Minnesota Irrigators grant. This video offers a firsthand look at the students’ experiences and the outcomes of the projects.


The Central Minnesota Irrigators grant has not only empowered Hancock High School financially but has sown the seeds of curiosity and knowledge in the minds of students. By exploring agriculture hands-on, students have gained a profound appreciation for the importance of sustainable practices and the intricate workings of our local farming community.

🌾🎥 Explore the agricultural adventure with us—watch the video and join the celebration of education, community support, and the future of agriculture. 🚜📚 #HancockHighSchool #AgriculturalEducation #GrantImpact #CommunitySupport #FutureFarmers

Minnesota Farmers Achieve Milestone: One Million Acres Certified for Water Quality Preservation

Governor Tim Walz commends Minnesota’s Agricultural Water Quality Certification Program (MAWQCP) as a key driver in preserving the state’s essential water bodies and ensuring a sustainable future. Highlighting the program’s significance, Governor Walz emphasized the commitment of farmers to stewarding natural resources.

“Our Ag Water Quality Certification Program ensures our lakes, rivers, and drinking water are protected for future generations,” Governor Walz emphasized. “Farmers understand this responsibility. They are stewards of our natural resources, making meaningful changes to their operations to safeguard our land and water.”

In a momentous achievement in 2023, Minnesota farmers and landowners enrolled over one million acres in the MAWQCP. Governor Walz made the proclamation at Eric Heins’ Altura farm, representing one of the 1,400 farmers certified since the program’s inception in 2014.

Agriculture Commissioner Thom Petersen expressed enthusiasm at reaching the million-acre mark, recognizing farmers and landowners for their dedication to the Ag Water Quality Certification Program. Petersen highlighted the program’s unique advantages, enabling farmers to showcase conservation efforts, access funding, and ensure compliance with regulations.

Among the diverse array of conservation practices adopted by certified producers, several techniques have emerged as prevalent strategies. Cover crops, nutrient management, grassed waterways, irrigation water management, prescribed grazing, and water and sediment control basins stand out as primary methods. These practices bolster environmental sustainability, mitigate soil erosion, optimize water usage, and foster healthier agricultural ecosystems.

The commitment to implementing these practices underscores certified producers’ proactive stance in safeguarding Minnesota’s natural resources for future generations. The cumulative impact of these efforts is notable:

  • Prevention of 47,000 tons of sediment from entering Minnesota rivers annually
  • Conservation of 141,000 tons of soil and 59,000 pounds of phosphorus on farms
  • Reduction of nitrogen loss by up to 49%
  • Mitigation of over 50,000 tons of greenhouse gas emissions per year

These statistics illustrate the tangible benefits of the Water Quality Certified farms, showcasing their substantial contributions toward protecting Minnesota’s waters. The proactive approach and dedication of farmers underscore the ongoing commitment to preserving natural resources and fostering a robust agricultural landscape for generations to come.

Cultivating Knowledge and Growth

Earlier this fall, Sacred Heart Area School was granted a wonderful opportunity by the Central Minnesota Irrigators. Mr. Justin Edin and his second-grade classroom received a $500 grant to embark on a hydroponics project, enriching the students’ scientific journey.

The grant aimed to enhance the students’ comprehension of life cycles and natural science while introducing alternative methods of cultivating plants. The classroom has become a hub of excitement as the second graders diligently tend to their hydroponics setup, nurturing a flourishing crop of lettuce, tomatoes, and an assortment of herbs.

Mr. Edin expressed his exhilaration, saying, “The kids and I are super excited about and blessed by this new addition to our classroom. The last couple of years I had been bringing in my personal 6 pod setup. This machine is 4 times that size. We can’t wait to see what we can grow, and I can’t wait to see these kids grow in their understanding of plants through various experiments.”

The students eagerly monitor the daily progress of their project, learning invaluable lessons through hands-on experience. Witnessing the growth of their plants and understanding the science behind it has sparked curiosity and enthusiasm among the young minds.

This initiative not only cultivates plants but also nurtures a sense of responsibility, teamwork, and scientific inquiry among the students. It’s heartening to see educators like Mr. Edin fostering a passion for learning through innovative projects.

Below is a video to show the progress of the project at Sacred Heart.

🌱✨ #ScienceEducation #HydroponicsProject #StudentGrowth

[Image courtesy: Sacred Heart Area School]

Grants Awarded for Educational Projects Focused on Water Resources in Agriculture

The Central Minnesota Irrigators have awarded educational grants to support initiatives related to conservation, sustainability, precision agriculture, and water resources. The two grant recipients, Hancock Public Schools and Sacred Heart Area School, will each receive up to $750 for their educational projects.

Hancock Public Schools plans to use the grant to purchase “Farmbeats for Students” kits for their Ag Technology course. These kits will provide students with a hands-on and immersive learning experience in utilizing advanced technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning in agriculture. The kits include both software and hardware components.

Students will have the opportunity to work with sensors that measure parameters such as soil moisture, light levels, and more. They will use these sensors to monitor various resources and the status of crops. This real-time data will be collected and analyzed by students, simulating the decision-making process of a farmer. By analyzing this data, students can make more informed decisions related to agriculture and resource management.

This educational project not only offers students practical skills in modern agriculture but also encourages them to explore innovative technologies that can contribute to sustainable and efficient farming practices. It’s a valuable initiative that aligns with the grant’s focus on water resource conservation and agriculture sustainability. Hancock Public Schools’ will give a presentation of their project at the Central Minnesota Irrigators’ annual meeting in January 2024.

FarmBeats for Students Kit

Sacred Heart Area Schools will be using the funding to purchase an AeroGarden Farm 24XL. With these, student’s will choose plants to grow and then compare growth and yield to traditional planting. They will work on math skills such as measuring and graphing and will also be able to take home plants they have grown. Utilizing this, students will have a better understanding of the life cycle of plants and the knowledge of alternative farming methods. The hope is the hydroponic system will educate students that there is more to agriculture than tractors and soil and spark curiosity or a passion to continue to explore and create in the agriculture industry.

The educational project at Sacred Heart Area Schools, involving the purchase of an AeroGarden Farm 24XL, offers a fantastic opportunity for students to engage in experiential learning and gain a deeper understanding of plant growth, alternative farming methods, and the broader world of agriculture.

By allowing students to choose plants and cultivate them within the AeroGarden Farm 24XL, the project encourages active participation and exploration. Comparing the growth and yield of hydroponically grown plants to traditional soil-based planting provides a valuable learning experience. Enabling students to take home the plants they’ve grown personalizes the learning experience. It allows them to observe the full life cycle of their plants and nurtures a sense of responsibility and care.

The project introduces students to hydroponics, an alternative farming method that doesn’t rely on traditional soil and can be more resource-efficient. This knowledge broadens their perspective on agriculture, emphasizing that it goes beyond the conventional imagery of tractors and soil. One of the primary goals of the project is to spark curiosity and potentially ignite a passion for the agriculture industry. By exposing students to the diverse facets of agriculture, it encourages them to explore, innovate, and create within this field.

This initiative highlights the transformative power of education to inspire and prepare students for the challenges and opportunities within the agriculture industry. Sacred Heart Area Schools’ project has the potential to nurture future leaders and innovators in agriculture, providing students with a solid foundation for exploring and contributing to the industry in innovative ways.

AeroGarden Farm XL

The Central Minnesota Irrigators of Minnesota’s mission is to educate, inform and promote research irrigation techniques, which is vital for sustainable water resource management in agriculture. It’s great to know that grant opportunities will be available again in the spring of 2024, as this will provide additional support to educational and research initiatives that align with their mission. This continued commitment to funding such projects is essential for advancing agricultural practices and ensuring the responsible use of water resources in the region.

Minnesota Farmers Use Water Wisely and Well

By Jake Wildman, Richard Syverson, Dan Glessing, Bob Worth and Warren Formo

As Minnesota farmers who irrigate crops, we’ve experienced a few tough growing seasons in a row – on the field with continually changing weather patterns and off the field with regulatory and legislative challenges. Both impact our ability to farm. Two recent Star Tribune articles mentioned these challenges – “Snow dents Minnesota drought” (Feb. 27) and “Farm water rules lenient, often abused,” (Feb. 19). But neither article told the whole story.

In 2020 abundant, heavy snow fell late in the spring and early in the fall. But 2021 brought the worst drought in decades. And 2022 brought both drought conditions and severe storms that wreaked havoc on houses, farm equipment, buildings and emerging crops. These conditions challenged all farmers across the state – operations that grow crops to support local farmers markets, livestock producers and production agriculture farmers.

A farmer’s ability to irrigate means the difference between a nominal crop and a crop that feeds millions.

We’ve learned to adapt to ever-changing weather conditions. Often, a farmer’s ability to irrigate means the difference between a nominal or normal crop and a crop that feeds millions. Every year, we carefully monitor the weather and adjust as needed. We use efficient irrigation systems and water management practices to preserve groundwater supplies and maintain farm profitability. We work with University of Minnesota researchers to continually improve the way we irrigate. And we only irrigate when needed; no farmer wants to deplete our state’s natural resources.

In fact, according to a recent Department of Natural Resources water usage report, data shows that irrigators across Minnesota use less water than is permitted 96% of the time.

Aquifer levels are not being depleted by Minnesota irrigators. The DNR has maintained monitoring wells in primary irrigation districts since the 1970s. The data they provide, which is publicly available, shows that Minnesota aquifers are healthy, recharging to their normal static level 30-60 days after irrigating has stopped for the season.

That’s why we were so surprised to see the introduction of two bills at the Capitol.
HF1680 expands the DNR’s authority to revoke appropriation permits through broad and vague language at any time. HF 1873 expands DNR’s enforcement authority to issue greater fines, which include civil penalties to water appropriation permit holders. Both bills were developed quietly and without any input from the agriculture industry.

In Minnesota, agricultural production and processing industries rank second in the gross state product, generating more than $112 billion annually in total economic impact and supporting more than 431,000 jobs. Irrigation on over 750,000 acres helps farmers grow many crops in which Minnesota ranks in the Top 10 producers nationally, including corn, sugar beets, peas, soybeans, potatoes, canola, wheat, alfalfa and horticulture.

When the 2021 drought was underway, some government support was offered to farmers. Cattle grazing was allowed on conservation lands when feed had all but dried up, and grant programs were created to manage financial constraints.

Farmers can adapt to the conditions Mother Nature provides. But we need support in another way from public officials: recognition of the impact that agriculture has on our state and an environment to successfully farm without undue interference. In the past few years, irrigators have been repeatedly subject to inefficient and costly permit processes, facing roadblocks when transferring appropriation permits through land sale sand encountering well interference investigations with incomplete data considerations.

Farmers can adapt to the conditions Mother Nature provides. But we need support in another way from public officials:

In the coming weeks, we will be visiting with legislators and agency officials to advocate not only for our right to irrigate, but for our ability to continue feeding Minnesota, America and the world.

Jake Wildman is president, Irrigators Association of Minnesota. Richard Syverson is president, Minnesota Corn Growers Association. Dan Glessing is president, Minnesota Farm Bureau Federation. Bob Worth is president, Minnesota Soybean Growers Association. Warren Formo is executive director, Minnesota Agricultural Water Resource Center.